Which of the following best describes primary research?

Primary research is best described as research obtained through interviewing and surveying targets because it involves the collection of original data directly from individuals or groups for a specific research purpose. This type of research is conducted firsthand by the researcher, which can provide insights into consumer behavior, preferences, and needs that are tailored to the objectives of a specific study.

This approach allows businesses to gather specific information that is relevant to their own market or context, enabling them to make informed decisions based on firsthand data rather than relying on what has already been discovered or documented.

The other choices highlight either secondary research methods, specific market focuses that do not encompass the broader scope of primary research, or research that is limited to financial data. These options do not accurately represent the essence of primary research, which is defined by its originality and direct engagement with information sources.